HTTP Server Libraries

Server server = new Server();

// The HTTP configuration object.
HttpConfiguration httpConfig = new HttpConfiguration();
// Configure the HTTP support, for example:
httpConfig.setSendServerVersion(false);

// The ConnectionFactory for HTTP/1.1.
HttpConnectionFactory http11 = new HttpConnectionFactory(httpConfig);

// Create the ServerConnector.
ServerConnector connector = new ServerConnector(server, http11);
connector.setPort(8080);

server.addConnector(connector);
server.start();

Server server = new Server();

// The HTTP configuration object.
HttpConfiguration httpConfig = new HttpConfiguration();
// Add the SecureRequestCustomizer because TLS is used.
httpConfig.addCustomizer(new SecureRequestCustomizer());

// The ConnectionFactory for HTTP/1.1.
HttpConnectionFactory http11 = new HttpConnectionFactory(httpConfig);

// Configure the SslContextFactory with the keyStore information.
SslContextFactory.Server sslContextFactory = new SslContextFactory.Server();
sslContextFactory.setKeyStorePath("/path/to/keystore");
sslContextFactory.setKeyStorePassword("secret");

// The ConnectionFactory for TLS.
SslConnectionFactory tls = new SslConnectionFactory(sslContextFactory, http11.getProtocol());

// The ServerConnector instance.
ServerConnector connector = new ServerConnector(server, tls, http11);
connector.setPort(8443);

server.addConnector(connector);
server.start();

Server server = new Server();

// The HTTP configuration object.
HttpConfiguration httpConfig = new HttpConfiguration();

// The ConnectionFactory for HTTP/1.1.
HttpConnectionFactory http11 = new HttpConnectionFactory(httpConfig);

// The ConnectionFactory for clear-text HTTP/2.
HTTP2CServerConnectionFactory h2c = new HTTP2CServerConnectionFactory(httpConfig);

// The ServerConnector instance.
ServerConnector connector = new ServerConnector(server, http11, h2c);
connector.setPort(8080);

server.addConnector(connector);
server.start();

Server server = new Server();

// The HTTP configuration object.
HttpConfiguration httpConfig = new HttpConfiguration();
// Add the SecureRequestCustomizer because TLS is used.
httpConfig.addCustomizer(new SecureRequestCustomizer());

// The ConnectionFactory for HTTP/1.1.
HttpConnectionFactory http11 = new HttpConnectionFactory(httpConfig);

// The ConnectionFactory for HTTP/2.
HTTP2ServerConnectionFactory h2 = new HTTP2ServerConnectionFactory(httpConfig);

// The ALPN ConnectionFactory.
ALPNServerConnectionFactory alpn = new ALPNServerConnectionFactory();
// The default protocol to use in case there is no negotiation.
alpn.setDefaultProtocol(http11.getProtocol());

// Configure the SslContextFactory with the keyStore information.
SslContextFactory.Server sslContextFactory = new SslContextFactory.Server();
sslContextFactory.setKeyStorePath("/path/to/keystore");
sslContextFactory.setKeyStorePassword("secret");

// The ConnectionFactory for TLS.
SslConnectionFactory tls = new SslConnectionFactory(sslContextFactory, alpn.getProtocol());

// The ServerConnector instance.
ServerConnector connector = new ServerConnector(server, tls, alpn, h2, http11);
connector.setPort(8443);

server.addConnector(connector);
server.start();

Alt-Svc: h3=":843"

Server server = new Server();

SslContextFactory.Server sslContextFactory = new SslContextFactory.Server();
sslContextFactory.setKeyStorePath("/path/to/keystore");
sslContextFactory.setKeyStorePassword("secret");

HttpConfiguration httpConfig = new HttpConfiguration();
httpConfig.addCustomizer(new SecureRequestCustomizer());

// Create and configure the HTTP/3 connector.
// It is mandatory to configure the PEM directory.
Path pemWorkDir = Path.of("/path/to/pem/dir");
ServerQuicConfiguration serverQuicConfig = new ServerQuicConfiguration(sslContextFactory, pemWorkDir);
QuicServerConnector connector = new QuicServerConnector(server, serverQuicConfig, new HTTP3ServerConnectionFactory(serverQuicConfig));
connector.setPort(843);

server.addConnector(connector);

server.start();

// Configure the JDK with the Conscrypt provider.
Security.addProvider(new OpenSSLProvider());

SslContextFactory.Server sslContextFactory = new SslContextFactory.Server();
sslContextFactory.setKeyStorePath("/path/to/keystore");
sslContextFactory.setKeyStorePassword("secret");
// Configure Jetty's SslContextFactory to use Conscrypt.
sslContextFactory.setProvider("Conscrypt");

Server server = new Server();

// The HTTP configuration object.
HttpConfiguration httpConfig = new HttpConfiguration();
// Configure the HTTP support, for example:
httpConfig.setSendServerVersion(false);

// The ConnectionFactory for HTTP/1.1.
HttpConnectionFactory http11 = new HttpConnectionFactory(httpConfig);

// The ConnectionFactory for the PROXY protocol.
ProxyConnectionFactory proxy = new ProxyConnectionFactory(http11.getProtocol());

// Create the ServerConnector.
ServerConnector connector = new ServerConnector(server, proxy, http11);
connector.setPort(8080);

server.addConnector(connector);
server.start();

Server server = new Server();

// The HTTP configuration object.
HttpConfiguration httpConfig = new HttpConfiguration();
// Configure the HTTP support, for example:
httpConfig.setSendServerVersion(false);

// The ConnectionFactory for HTTP/1.1.
HttpConnectionFactory http11 = new HttpConnectionFactory(httpConfig);

// The ConnectionFactory for the PROXY protocol.
ProxyConnectionFactory proxy = new ProxyConnectionFactory(http11.getProtocol());

// Create the ServerConnector.
UnixDomainServerConnector connector = new UnixDomainServerConnector(server, proxy, http11);
connector.setUnixDomainPath(Path.of("/tmp/jetty.sock"));

server.addConnector(connector);
server.start();

class ShopHandler extends Handler.Abstract
{
    @Override
    public boolean handle(Request request, Response response, Callback callback)
    {
        // Implement the shop, remembering to complete the callback.
        return true;
    }
}

Server server = new Server();
Connector connector = new ServerConnector(server);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Create a ContextHandler with contextPath.
ContextHandler context = new ContextHandler(new ShopHandler(), "/shop");

// Link the context to the server.
server.setHandler(context);

server.start();

Server
└── ContextHandler /shop
    └── ShopHandler

class ShopHandler extends Handler.Abstract
{
    @Override
    public boolean handle(Request request, Response response, Callback callback)
    {
        // Implement the shop, remembering to complete the callback.
        return true;
    }
}

class RESTHandler extends Handler.Abstract
{
    @Override
    public boolean handle(Request request, Response response, Callback callback)
    {
        // Implement the REST APIs, remembering to complete the callback.
        return true;
    }
}

Server server = new Server();
Connector connector = new ServerConnector(server);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Create a ContextHandlerCollection to hold contexts.
ContextHandlerCollection contextCollection = new ContextHandlerCollection();

// Create the context for the shop web application and add it to ContextHandlerCollection.
contextCollection.addHandler(new ContextHandler(new ShopHandler(), "/shop"));

// Link the ContextHandlerCollection to the Server.
server.setHandler(contextCollection);

server.start();

// Create the context for the API web application.
ContextHandler apiContext = new ContextHandler(new RESTHandler(), "/api");
// Web applications can be deployed after the Server is started.
contextCollection.deployHandler(apiContext, Callback.NOOP);

Server
└── ContextHandlerCollection
    ├── ContextHandler /shop
    │   └── ShopHandler
    └── ContextHandler /api
        └── RESTHandler

Server server = new Server();
Connector connector = new ServerConnector(server);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Create and configure a ResourceHandler.
ResourceHandler handler = new ResourceHandler();
// Configure the directory where static resources are located.
handler.setBaseResource(ResourceFactory.of(handler).newResource("/path/to/static/resources/"));
// Configure directory listing.
handler.setDirAllowed(false);
// Configure welcome files.
handler.setWelcomeFiles(List.of("index.html"));
// Configure whether to accept range requests.
handler.setAcceptRanges(true);

// Link the context to the server.
server.setHandler(handler);

server.start();

ResourceHandler handler = new ResourceHandler();

// For multiple directories, use ResourceFactory.combine().
Resource resource = ResourceFactory.combine(
    ResourceFactory.of(handler).newResource("/path/to/static/resources/"),
    ResourceFactory.of(handler).newResource("/another/path/to/static/resources/")
);
handler.setBaseResource(resource);

Server server = new Server();
Connector connector = new ServerConnector(server);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Create and configure GzipHandler.
GzipHandler gzipHandler = new GzipHandler();
server.setHandler(gzipHandler);
// Only compress response content larger than this.
gzipHandler.setMinGzipSize(1024);
// Do not compress these URI paths.
gzipHandler.setExcludedPaths("/uncompressed");
// Also compress POST responses.
gzipHandler.addIncludedMethods("POST");
// Do not compress these mime types.
gzipHandler.addExcludedMimeTypes("font/ttf");

// Create a ContextHandlerCollection to manage contexts.
ContextHandlerCollection contexts = new ContextHandlerCollection();
gzipHandler.setHandler(contexts);

server.start();

Server
└── GzipHandler
    └── ContextHandlerCollection
        ├── ContextHandler 1
        :── ...
        └── ContextHandler N

Server server = new Server();
ServerConnector connector = new ServerConnector(server);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Create a ContextHandlerCollection to hold contexts.
ContextHandlerCollection contextCollection = new ContextHandlerCollection();
// Link the ContextHandlerCollection to the Server.
server.setHandler(contextCollection);

// Create the context for the shop web application wrapped with GzipHandler so only the shop will do gzip.
GzipHandler shopGzipHandler = new GzipHandler(new ContextHandler(new ShopHandler(), "/shop"));

// Add it to ContextHandlerCollection.
contextCollection.addHandler(shopGzipHandler);

// Create the context for the API web application.
ContextHandler apiContext = new ContextHandler(new RESTHandler(), "/api");

// Add it to ContextHandlerCollection.
contextCollection.addHandler(apiContext);

server.start();

Server
└── ContextHandlerCollection
    └── ContextHandlerCollection
        ├── GzipHandler
        │   └── ContextHandler /shop
        │       └── ShopHandler
        └── ContextHandler /api
            └── RESTHandler

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
  <artifactId>jetty-rewrite</artifactId>
  <version>12.0.10-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>

Server server = new Server();
ServerConnector connector = new ServerConnector(server);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Create and link the RewriteHandler to the Server.
RewriteHandler rewriteHandler = new RewriteHandler();
server.setHandler(rewriteHandler);

// Compacts URI paths with double slashes, e.g. /ctx//path/to//resource.
rewriteHandler.addRule(new CompactPathRule());
// Rewrites */products/* to */p/*.
rewriteHandler.addRule(new RewriteRegexRule("/(.*)/product/(.*)", "/$1/p/$2"));
// Redirects permanently to a different URI.
RedirectRegexRule redirectRule = new RedirectRegexRule("/documentation/(.*)", "https://docs.domain.com/$1");
redirectRule.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.MOVED_PERMANENTLY_301);
rewriteHandler.addRule(redirectRule);

// Create a ContextHandlerCollection to hold contexts.
ContextHandlerCollection contextCollection = new ContextHandlerCollection();
rewriteHandler.setHandler(contextCollection);

server.start();

Server
└── RewriteHandler
    └── ContextHandlerCollection
        ├── ContextHandler 1
        :── ...
        └── ContextHandler N

Server
└── GzipHandler
    └── SizeLimitHandler
        └── ContextHandlerCollection
            ├── ContextHandler 1
            :── ...
            └── ContextHandler N

Server server = new Server();
ServerConnector connector = new ServerConnector(server);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Create and link the StatisticsHandler to the Server.
StatisticsHandler statsHandler = new StatisticsHandler();
server.setHandler(statsHandler);

// Create a ContextHandlerCollection to hold contexts.
ContextHandlerCollection contextCollection = new ContextHandlerCollection();
statsHandler.setHandler(contextCollection);

server.start();

Server
└── StatisticsHandler
    └── ContextHandlerCollection
        ├── ContextHandler 1
        :── ...
        └── ContextHandler N

Server server = new Server();
ServerConnector connector = new ServerConnector(server);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Create and link the MinimumDataRateHandler to the Server.
// Create the MinimumDataRateHandler with a minimum read rate of 1KB per second and no minimum write rate.
StatisticsHandler.MinimumDataRateHandler dataRateHandler = new StatisticsHandler.MinimumDataRateHandler(1024L, 0L);
server.setHandler(dataRateHandler);

// Create a ContextHandlerCollection to hold contexts.
ContextHandlerCollection contextCollection = new ContextHandlerCollection();
dataRateHandler.setHandler(contextCollection);

server.start();

class MyEventsHandler extends EventsHandler
{
    @Override
    protected void onBeforeHandling(Request request)
    {
        // The nanoTime at which the request is first received.
        long requestBeginNanoTime = request.getBeginNanoTime();

        // The nanoTime just before invoking the next Handler.
        request.setAttribute("beforeHandlingNanoTime", NanoTime.now());
    }

    @Override
    protected void onComplete(Request request, int status, HttpFields headers, Throwable failure)
    {
        // Retrieve the before handling nanoTime.
        long beforeHandlingNanoTime = (long)request.getAttribute("beforeHandlingNanoTime");

        // Record the request processing time and the status that was sent back to the client.
        long processingTime = NanoTime.millisSince(beforeHandlingNanoTime);
        System.getLogger("trackTime").log(INFO, "processing request %s took %d ms and ended with status code %d", request, processingTime, status);
    }
}

Server server = new Server();
ServerConnector connector = new ServerConnector(server);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Link the EventsHandler as the outermost Handler after Server.
MyEventsHandler eventsHandler = new MyEventsHandler();
server.setHandler(eventsHandler);

ContextHandler appHandler = new ContextHandler("/app");
eventsHandler.setHandler(appHandler);

server.start();

Server
└── MyEventsHandler
    └── ContextHandler /app

Server
└── TotalEventsHandler
    └── SlowHandler
        └── AppEventsHandler
            └── ContextHandler /app

class ShopHandler extends Handler.Abstract
{
    @Override
    public boolean handle(Request request, Response response, Callback callback)
    {
        // Implement the shop, remembering to complete the callback.
        callback.succeeded();
        return true;
    }
}

int maxThreads = 256;
QueuedThreadPool serverThreads = new QueuedThreadPool(maxThreads);
Server server = new Server(serverThreads);
ServerConnector connector = new ServerConnector(server);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Create and configure QoSHandler.
QoSHandler qosHandler = new QoSHandler();
// Set the max number of concurrent requests,
// for example in relation to the thread pool.
qosHandler.setMaxRequestCount(maxThreads / 2);
// A suspended request may stay suspended for at most 15 seconds.
qosHandler.setMaxSuspend(Duration.ofSeconds(15));
server.setHandler(qosHandler);

// Provide quality of service to the shop
// application by wrapping ShopHandler with QoSHandler.
qosHandler.setHandler(new ShopHandler());

server.start();

class PriorityQoSHandler extends QoSHandler
{
    @Override
    protected int getPriority(Request request)
    {
        String pathInContext = Request.getPathInContext(request);

        // Payment requests have the highest priority.
        if (pathInContext.startsWith("/payment/"))
            return 3;

        // Login, checkout and admin requests.
        if (pathInContext.startsWith("/login/"))
            return 2;
        if (pathInContext.startsWith("/checkout/"))
            return 2;
        if (pathInContext.startsWith("/admin/"))
            return 2;

        // Health-check requests from the load balancer.
        if (pathInContext.equals("/health-check"))
            return 1;

        // Other requests have the lowest priority.
        return 0;
    }
}

Server server = new Server();

// Configure the HttpConfiguration for the clear-text connector.
int securePort = 8443;
HttpConfiguration httpConfig = new HttpConfiguration();
httpConfig.setSecurePort(securePort);

// The clear-text connector.
ServerConnector connector = new ServerConnector(server, new HttpConnectionFactory(httpConfig));
connector.setPort(8080);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Configure the HttpConfiguration for the secure connector.
HttpConfiguration httpsConfig = new HttpConfiguration(httpConfig);
// Add the SecureRequestCustomizer because TLS is used.
httpConfig.addCustomizer(new SecureRequestCustomizer());

// The HttpConnectionFactory for the secure connector.
HttpConnectionFactory http11 = new HttpConnectionFactory(httpsConfig);

// Configure the SslContextFactory with the keyStore information.
SslContextFactory.Server sslContextFactory = new SslContextFactory.Server();
sslContextFactory.setKeyStorePath("/path/to/keystore");
sslContextFactory.setKeyStorePassword("secret");

// The ConnectionFactory for TLS.
SslConnectionFactory tls = new SslConnectionFactory(sslContextFactory, http11.getProtocol());

// The secure connector.
ServerConnector secureConnector = new ServerConnector(server, tls, http11);
secureConnector.setPort(8443);
server.addConnector(secureConnector);

// Create and link the SecuredRedirectHandler to the Server.
SecuredRedirectHandler securedHandler = new SecuredRedirectHandler();
server.setHandler(securedHandler);

// Create a ContextHandlerCollection to hold contexts.
ContextHandlerCollection contextCollection = new ContextHandlerCollection();
securedHandler.setHandler(contextCollection);

server.start();

Server
└── CrossOriginHandler
    └── ContextHandler /app
        └── AppHandler

CrossOriginHandler crossOriginHandler = new CrossOriginHandler();
// The allowed origins are regex patterns.
crossOriginHandler.setAllowedOriginPatterns(Set.of("http://domain\\.com"));

StateTrackingHandler stateTrackingHandler = new StateTrackingHandler();

// Emit an event if the Handler callback is not completed with 5 seconds.
stateTrackingHandler.setHandlerCallbackTimeout(5000);

StateTrackingHandler stateTrackingHandler = new StateTrackingHandler(new StateTrackingHandler.Listener()
{
    @Override
    public void onHandlerCallbackNotCompleted(Request request, StateTrackingHandler.ThreadInfo handlerThreadInfo)
    {
        // Your own event handling logic.
    }
});

// Emit an event if the Handler callback is not completed with 5 seconds.
stateTrackingHandler.setHandlerCallbackTimeout(5000);

Server server = new Server();
server.setDefaultHandler(new DefaultHandler(false, true));

Connector connector = new ServerConnector(server);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Add a ContextHandlerCollection to manage contexts.
ContextHandlerCollection contexts = new ContextHandlerCollection();

// Link the contexts to the Server.
server.setHandler(contexts);

server.start();

Server
  ├── ContextHandlerCollection
  │   ├── ContextHandler 1
  │   :── ...
  │   └── ContextHandler N
  └── DefaultHandler

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty.ee{8,9,10}</groupId>
  <artifactId>jetty-ee{8,9,10}-servlet</artifactId>
  <version>12.0.10-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>

public class ShopCartServlet extends HttpServlet
{
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    {
        // Implement the shop cart functionality.
    }
}

Server server = new Server();
Connector connector = new ServerConnector(server);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Add the CrossOriginHandler to protect from CSRF attacks.
CrossOriginHandler crossOriginHandler = new CrossOriginHandler();
crossOriginHandler.setAllowedOriginPatterns(Set.of("http://domain.com"));
crossOriginHandler.setAllowCredentials(true);
server.setHandler(crossOriginHandler);

// Create a ServletContextHandler with contextPath.
ServletContextHandler context = new ServletContextHandler();
context.setContextPath("/shop");
// Link the context to the server.
crossOriginHandler.setHandler(context);

// Add the Servlet implementing the cart functionality to the context.
ServletHolder servletHolder = context.addServlet(ShopCartServlet.class, "/cart/*");
// Configure the Servlet with init-parameters.
servletHolder.setInitParameter("maxItems", "128");

server.start();

Server
└── ServletContextHandler /shop
    ├── ShopCartServlet /cart/*
    └── CrossOriginFilter /*

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty.ee{8,9,10}</groupId>
  <artifactId>jetty-ee{8,9,10}-webapp</artifactId>
  <version>12.0.10-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>

Server server = new Server();
Connector connector = new ServerConnector(server);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Create a WebAppContext.
WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext();
// Link the context to the server.
server.setHandler(context);

// Configure the path of the packaged web application (file or directory).
context.setWar("/path/to/webapp.war");
// Configure the contextPath.
context.setContextPath("/app");

server.start();

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty.ee{8,9,10}</groupId>
  <artifactId>jetty-ee{8,9,10}-servlet</artifactId>
  <version>12.0.10-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>

// Create a ServletContextHandler with contextPath.
ServletContextHandler context = new ServletContextHandler();
context.setContextPath("/app");

// Add the DefaultServlet to serve static content.
ServletHolder servletHolder = context.addServlet(DefaultServlet.class, "/");
// Configure the DefaultServlet with init-parameters.
servletHolder.setInitParameter("resourceBase", "/path/to/static/resources/");
servletHolder.setAsyncSupported(true);

class HelloWorldHandler extends Handler.Abstract.NonBlocking
{
    @Override
    public boolean handle(Request request, Response response, Callback callback)
    {
        response.setStatus(200);
        response.getHeaders().put(HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/html; charset=UTF-8");

        // Write a Hello World response.
        Content.Sink.write(response, true, """
            <!DOCTYPE html>
            <html>
            <head>
              <title>Jetty Hello World Handler</title>
            </head>
            <body>
              <p>Hello World</p>
            </body>
            </html>
            """, callback);
        return true;
    }
}

Server server = new Server();
Connector connector = new ServerConnector(server);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Set the Hello World Handler.
server.setHandler(new HelloWorldHandler());

server.start();

class FilterHandler extends Handler.Wrapper
{
    public FilterHandler(Handler handler)
    {
        super(handler);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean handle(Request request, Response response, Callback callback) throws Exception
    {
        String path = Request.getPathInContext(request);
        if (path.startsWith("/old_path/"))
        {
            // Rewrite old paths to new paths.
            HttpURI uri = request.getHttpURI();
            String newPath = "/new_path/" + path.substring("/old_path/".length());
            HttpURI newURI = HttpURI.build(uri).path(newPath).asImmutable();

            // Modify the request object by wrapping the HttpURI.
            Request newRequest = Request.serveAs(request, newURI);

            // Forward to the next Handler using the wrapped Request.
            return super.handle(newRequest, response, callback);
        }
        else
        {
            // Forward to the next Handler as-is.
            return super.handle(request, response, callback);
        }
    }
}

Server server = new Server();
Connector connector = new ServerConnector(server);
server.addConnector(connector);

// Link the Handlers in a chain.
server.setHandler(new FilterHandler(new HelloWorldHandler()));

server.start();

class FormHandler extends Handler.Abstract.NonBlocking
{
    @Override
    public boolean handle(Request request, Response response, Callback callback)
    {
        String contentType = request.getHeaders().get(HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE);
        if (MimeTypes.Type.FORM_ENCODED.is(contentType))
        {
            // Convert the request content into Fields.
            CompletableFuture<Fields> completableFields = FormFields.from(request); (1)

            // When all the request content has arrived, process the fields.
            completableFields.whenComplete((fields, failure) -> (2)
            {
                if (failure == null)
                {
                    processFields(fields);
                    // Send a simple 200 response, completing the callback.
                    response.setStatus(HttpStatus.OK_200);
                    callback.succeeded();
                }
                else
                {
                    // Reading the request content failed.
                    // Send an error response, completing the callback.
                    Response.writeError(request, response, callback, failure);
                }
            });

            // The callback will be eventually completed in all cases, return true.
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            // Send an error response, completing the callback, and returning true.
            Response.writeError(request, response, callback, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST_400, "invalid request");
            return true;
        }
    }
}

class MultiPartFormDataHandler extends Handler.Abstract.NonBlocking
{
    @Override
    public boolean handle(Request request, Response response, Callback callback)
    {
        String contentType = request.getHeaders().get(HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE);
        if (MimeTypes.Type.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA.is(contentType))
        {
            // Extract the multipart boundary.
            String boundary = MultiPart.extractBoundary(contentType);

            // Create and configure the multipart parser.
            MultiPartFormData.Parser parser = new MultiPartFormData.Parser(boundary);
            // By default, uploaded files are stored in this directory, to
            // avoid to read the file content (which can be large) in memory.
            parser.setFilesDirectory(Path.of("/tmp"));
            // Convert the request content into parts.
            CompletableFuture<MultiPartFormData.Parts> completableParts = parser.parse(request); (1)

            // When all the request content has arrived, process the parts.
            completableParts.whenComplete((parts, failure) -> (2)
            {
                if (failure == null)
                {
                    // Use the Parts API to process the parts.
                    processParts(parts);
                    // Send a simple 200 response, completing the callback.
                    response.setStatus(HttpStatus.OK_200);
                    callback.succeeded();
                }
                else
                {
                    // Reading the request content failed.
                    // Send an error response, completing the callback.
                    Response.writeError(request, response, callback, failure);
                }
            });

            // The callback will be eventually completed in all cases, return true.
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            // Send an error response, completing the callback, and returning true.
            Response.writeError(request, response, callback, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST_400, "invalid request");
            return true;
        }
    }
}

class FlushingHandler extends Handler.Abstract.NonBlocking
{
    @Override
    public boolean handle(Request request, Response response, Callback callback)
    {
        // Set the response status code.
        response.setStatus(HttpStatus.OK_200);
        // Set the response headers.
        response.getHeaders().put(HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain");

        // Commit the response with a "flush" write.
        Callback.Completable.with(flush -> response.write(false, null, flush))
            // When the flush is finished, send the content and complete the callback.
            .whenComplete((ignored, failure) ->
            {
                if (failure == null)
                    response.write(true, UTF_8.encode("HELLO"), callback);
                else
                    callback.failed(failure);
            });

        // Return true because the callback will eventually be completed.
        return true;
    }
}

class ContentLengthHandler extends Handler.Abstract.NonBlocking
{
    @Override
    public boolean handle(Request request, Response response, Callback callback)
    {
        // Set the response status code.
        response.setStatus(HttpStatus.OK_200);

        String content = """
            {
              "result": 0,
              "advice": {
                "message": "Jetty Rocks!"
              }
            }
            """;
        // Must count the bytes, not the characters!
        byte[] bytes = content.getBytes(UTF_8);
        long contentLength = bytes.length;

        // Set the response headers before the response is committed.
        HttpFields.Mutable responseHeaders = response.getHeaders();
        // Set the content type.
        responseHeaders.put(HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json; charset=UTF-8");
        // Set the response content length.
        responseHeaders.put(HttpHeader.CONTENT_LENGTH, contentLength);

        // Commit the response.
        response.write(true, ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes), callback);

        // Return true because the callback will eventually be completed.
        return true;
    }
}

class Continue100Handler extends Handler.Wrapper
{
    public Continue100Handler(Handler handler)
    {
        super(handler);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean handle(Request request, Response response, Callback callback) throws Exception
    {
        HttpFields requestHeaders = request.getHeaders();
        if (requestHeaders.contains(HttpHeader.EXPECT, HttpHeaderValue.CONTINUE.asString()))
        {
            // Analyze the request and decide whether to receive the content.
            long contentLength = request.getLength();
            if (contentLength > 0 && contentLength < 1024)
            {
                // Small request content, ask to send it by
                // sending a 100 Continue interim response.
                CompletableFuture<Void> processing = response.writeInterim(HttpStatus.CONTINUE_100, HttpFields.EMPTY) (1)
                    // Then read the request content into a ByteBuffer.
                    .thenCompose(ignored -> Promise.Completable.<ByteBuffer>with(p -> Content.Source.asByteBuffer(request, p)))
                    // Then store the ByteBuffer somewhere.
                    .thenCompose(byteBuffer -> store(byteBuffer));

                // At the end of the processing, complete
                // the callback with the CompletableFuture,
                // a simple 200 response in case of success,
                // or a 500 response in case of failure.
                callback.completeWith(processing); (2)
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                // The request content is too large, send an error.
                Response.writeError(request, response, callback, HttpStatus.PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE_413);
                return true;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            return super.handle(request, response, callback);
        }
    }
}

class EarlyHints103Handler extends Handler.Wrapper
{
    public EarlyHints103Handler(Handler handler)
    {
        super(handler);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean handle(Request request, Response response, Callback callback) throws Exception
    {
        String pathInContext = Request.getPathInContext(request);

        // Simple logic that assumes that every HTML
        // file has associated the same CSS stylesheet.
        if (pathInContext.endsWith(".html"))
        {
            // Tell the client that a Link is coming
            // sending a 103 Early Hints interim response.
            HttpFields.Mutable interimHeaders = HttpFields.build()
                .put(HttpHeader.LINK, "</style.css>; rel=preload; as=style");

            response.writeInterim(HttpStatus.EARLY_HINTS_103, interimHeaders) (1)
                .whenComplete((ignored, failure) -> (2)
                {
                    if (failure == null)
                    {
                        try
                        {
                            // Delegate the handling to the child Handler.
                            boolean handled = super.handle(request, response, callback);
                            if (!handled)
                            {
                                // The child Handler did not produce a final response, do it here.
                                Response.writeError(request, response, callback, HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND_404);
                            }
                        }
                        catch (Throwable x)
                        {
                            callback.failed(x);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        callback.failed(failure);
                    }
                });

            // This Handler sent an interim response, so this Handler
            // (or its descendants) must produce a final response, so return true.
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            // Not a request for an HTML page, delegate
            // the handling to the child Handler.
            return super.handle(request, response, callback);
        }
    }
}

class Continue100HttpServlet extends HttpServlet
{
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException
    {
        // Inspect the method and headers.
        boolean isPost = HttpMethod.POST.is(request.getMethod());
        boolean expects100 = HttpHeaderValue.CONTINUE.is(request.getHeader("Expect"));
        long contentLength = request.getContentLengthLong();

        if (isPost && expects100)
        {
            if (contentLength > 1024 * 1024)
            {
                // Rejects uploads that are too large.
                response.sendError(HttpStatus.PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE_413);
            }
            else
            {
                // Getting the request InputStream indicates that
                // the application wants to read the request content.
                // Jetty will send the 100 Continue response at this
                // point, and the client will send the request content.
                ServletInputStream input = request.getInputStream();

                // Read and process the request input.
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // Process normal requests.
        }
    }
}